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	<title>Truth is Treason in the Empire of Lies</title>
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	<pubDate>Thu, 24 Jul 2008 18:27:58 +0000</pubDate>
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		<title>Ron Paul on &#8220;The Mother Of All Bailouts&#8221;</title>
		<link>http://freethemarketman.wordpress.com/2008/07/24/ron-paul-on-the-mother-of-all-bailouts/</link>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 24 Jul 2008 18:27:58 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[American Patriot, Ron Paul,  discusses the latest bill passed by the U.S. congress to steal and further expropriate more of the American people&#8217;s wealth to bail out the fascist Fannie and Freddie.

       ]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p>American Patriot, Ron Paul,  discusses the latest bill passed by the U.S. congress to steal and further expropriate more of the American people&#8217;s wealth to bail out the fascist Fannie and Freddie.</p>
<p><span style="text-align:center; display: block;"><a href="http://freethemarketman.wordpress.com/2008/07/24/ron-paul-on-the-mother-of-all-bailouts/"><img src="http://img.youtube.com/vi/Wy6SlUpbnIU/2.jpg" alt="" /></a></span></p>
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		<title>You Know The Banking System Is Unsound When&#8230;.</title>
		<link>http://freethemarketman.wordpress.com/2008/07/24/you-know-the-banking-system-is-unsound-when/</link>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 24 Jul 2008 09:08:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>freemarketman</dc:creator>
		
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://freethemarketman.wordpress.com/?p=928</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[1. Paulson appears on Face The Nation and says &#8220;Our banking system is a safe and a sound one.&#8221; If the banking system was safe and sound, everyone would know it (or at least think it). There would be no need to say it.
2. Paulson says the list of troubled banks &#8220;is a very manageable [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p>1. Paulson appears on Face The Nation and says &#8220;Our banking system is a safe and a sound one.&#8221; If the banking system was safe and sound, everyone would know it (or at least think it). There would be no need to say it.</p>
<p>2. Paulson says the list of troubled banks &#8220;is a very manageable situation&#8221;. The reality is there are 90 banks on the list of problem banks. Indymac was not one of them until a month before it collapsed. How many other banks will magically appear on the list a month before they collapse?</p>
<p>3. In a Northern Rock moment, depositors at Indymac pull out their cash. Police had to be called in to ensure order.</p>
<p>4. Washington Mutual (WM), another troubled bank, refused to honor Indymac cashier&#8217;s checks. The irony is it makes no sense for customers to pull insured deposits out of Indymac after it went into receivership. The second irony is the last place one would want to put those funds would be Washington Mutual. Eventually Washington Mutual decided it would take those checks but with an 8 week hold. Will Washington Mutual even be around 8 weeks from now?</p>
<p>5. Paulson asked for &#8220;Congressional authority to buy unlimited stakes in and lend to Fannie Mae (FNM) and Freddie Mac (FRE)&#8221; just days after he said &#8220;Financial Institutions Must Be Allowed To Fail&#8221;. Obviously Paulson is reporting from the 5th dimension. In some alternate universe, his statements just might make sense.</p>
<p>6. Former Fed Governor William Poole says &#8220;Fannie Mae, Freddie Losses Makes Them Insolvent&#8221;.</p>
<p>7. Paulson says Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are &#8220;essential&#8221; because they represent the only &#8220;functioning&#8221; part of the home loan market. The firms own or guarantee about half of the $12 trillion in U.S. mortgages. Is it possible to have a sound banking system when the only &#8220;functioning&#8221; part of the mortgage market is insolvent?</p>
<p>8. Bernanke testified before Congress on monetary policy but did not comment on either money supply or interest rates. The word &#8220;money&#8221; did not appear at all in his testimony. The only time &#8220;interest rate&#8221; appeared in his testimony was in relation to consumer credit card rates. How can you have any reasonable economic policy when the Fed chairman is scared half to death to discuss interest rates and money supply?</p>
<p>9. The SEC issued a protective order to protect those most responsible for naked short selling. As long as the investment banks and brokers were making money engaging in naked shorting of stocks, there was no problem. However, when the bears began using the tactic against the big financials, it became time to selectively enforce the existing regulation.</p>
<p>10. The Fed takes emergency actions twice during options expirations week in regards to the discount window and rate cuts.</p>
<p>11. The SEC takes emergency action during options expirations week regarding short sales.</p>
<p>12. The Fed has implemented an alphabet soup of pawn shop lending facilities whereby the Fed accepts garbage as collateral in exchange for treasuries. Those new Fed lending facilities are called the Term Auction Facility (TAF), the Term Security Lending Facility (TSLF), and the Primary Dealer Credit Facility (PDCF).</p>
<p>13. Citigroup (C), Lehman (LEH), Morgan Stanley(MS), Goldman Sachs (GS) and Merrill Lynch (MER) all have a huge percentage of level 3 assets. Level 3 assets are commonly known as &#8220;marked to fantasy&#8221; assets. In other words, the value of those assets is significantly if not ridiculously overvalued in comparison to what those assets would fetch on the open market. It is debatable if any of the above firms survive in their present form. Some may not survive in any form.</p>
<p>14. Bernanke openly solicits private equity firms to invest in banks. Is this even close to a remotely normal action for Fed chairman to take?</p>
<p>15. Bear Stearns was taken over by JPMorgan (JPM) days after insuring investors it had plenty of capital. Fears are high that Lehman will suffer the same fate. Worse yet, the Fed had to guarantee the shotgun marriage between Bear Stearns and JP Morgan by providing as much as $30 billion in capital. JPMorgan is responsible for only the first 1/2 billion. Taxpayers are on the hook for all the rest. Was this a legal action for the Fed to take? Does the Fed care?</p>
<p>16. Citigroup needed a cash injection from Abu Dhabi and a second one elsewhere. Then after announcing it would not need more capital is raising still more. The latest news is Citigroup will sell $500 billion in assets. To who? At what price?</p>
<p>17. Merrill Lynch raised $6.6 billion in capital from Kuwait Mizuho, announced it did not need to raise more capital, then raised more capital a few week later.</p>
<p>18. Morgan Stanley sold a 9.9% equity stake to China International Corp. CEO John Mack compensated by not taking his bonus. How generous. Morgan Stanley fell from $72 to $37. Did CEO John Mack deserve a paycheck at all?</p>
<p>19. Bank of America (BAC) agreed to take over Countywide Financial (CFC) and twice announced Countrywide will add profits to B of A. Inquiring minds were asking &#8220;How the hell can Countrywide add to Bank of America earnings?&#8221; Here&#8217;s how. Bank of America just announced it will not guarantee $38.1 billion in Countrywide debt. Questions over &#8220;Fraudulent Conveyance&#8221; are now surfacing.</p>
<p>20. Washington Mutual agreed to a death spiral cash infusion of $7 billion accepting an offer at $8.75 when the stock was over $13 at the time. Washington Mutual has since fallen in waterfall fashion from $40 and is now trading near $5.00 after a huge rally.</p>
<p>21. Shares of Ambac (ABK) fell from $90 to $2.50. Shares of MBIA (MBI) fell from $70 to $5. Sadly, the top three rating agencies kept their rating on the pair at AAA nearly all the way down. No one can believe anything the government sponsored rating agencies say.</p>
<p>22. In a panic set of moves, the Fed slashed interest rates from 5.25% to 2%. This was the fastest, steepest drop on record. Ironically, the Fed chairman spoke of inflation concerns the entire drop down. Bernanke clearly cannot tell the truth. He does not have to. Actions speak louder than words.</p>
<p>23. FDIC Chairman Sheila Bair said the FDIC is looking for ways to shore up its depleted deposit fund, including charging higher premiums on riskier brokered deposits.</p>
<p>24. There is roughly $6.84 Trillion in bank deposits. $2.60 Trillion of that is uninsured. There is only $53 billion in FDIC insurance to cover $6.84 Trillion in bank deposits. Indymac will eat up roughly $8 billion of that.</p>
<p>25. Of the $6.84 Trillion in bank deposits, the total cash on hand at banks is a mere $273.7 Billion. Where is the rest of the loot? The answer is in off balance sheet SIVs, imploding commercial real estate deals, Alt-A liar loans, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac bonds, toggle bonds where debt is amazingly paid back with more debt, and all sorts of other silly (and arguably fraudulent) financial wizardry schemes that have bank and brokerage firms leveraged at 30-1 or more. Those loans cannot be paid back.</p>
<p>What cannot be paid back will be defaulted on. If you did not know it before, you do now. The entire US banking system is insolvent.</p>
<p>Mike &#8220;Mish&#8221; Shedlock<br />
http://globaleconomicanalysis.blogspot.com<a href="http://globaleconomicanalysis.blogspot.com/"><br />
Click Here To Scroll Thru My Recent Post List</a></p>
<p><a title="permanent link" href="http://globaleconomicanalysis.blogspot.com/2008/07/you-know-banking-system-is-unsound-when.html">You Know The Banking System Is Unsound When&#8230;.</a><br />
<em>Posted by Michael Shedlock at 11:38 AM</em></p>
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			<media:title type="html">Jake</media:title>
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		<title>They Told Us So…</title>
		<link>http://freethemarketman.wordpress.com/2008/07/23/they-told-us-so%e2%80%a6/</link>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 22 Jul 2008 23:04:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>ggita32</dc:creator>
		
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		<description><![CDATA[
A few who predicted this mess tell us what they see coming next.


By Carol Vinzant
Published Jul 20, 2008 












(Photo: China Photos/Getty Images)






“We are now the largest debtor nation in the history of the world. We owe $13 trillion, and we get $1 trillion further into debt every fifteen months. That’s the world giving up on [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><div class="header-spacing">
<h3 class="deck">A few who predicted this mess tell us what they see coming next.</h3>
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<li class="by">By Carol Vinzant</li>
<li class="date"><span style="color:#a2a2a2;">Published Jul 20, 2008 </span></li>
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<div style="font:9px Georgia, Garamond, Times,;">(Photo: China Photos/Getty Images)</div>
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<p><em>“We are now the largest debtor nation in the history of the world. We owe $13 trillion, and we get $1 trillion further into debt every fifteen months. That’s the world giving up on America.”</em><br />
<strong>—Jim Rogers, </strong>investor, who has predicted a stock-market fall and commodities boom</p>
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<p><em>“The house next to mine in Florida sold for $105,000 in 1998, $765,000 seven years later. My guess is that it may more properly be worth around $275,000. Getting from $765,000 to $275,000, if it happens, is going to involve a lot of pain.”</em><br />
<strong>—Andrew Tobias,</strong> investment guru, who has warned of a real-estate bubble since 2002</p>
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<p><em>“The American consumer is toast. We’re talking a multiyear adjustment, at least two or three years, maybe more. Does that mean America is over? Does that mean we have a whole new world order? The jury’s out on that.”</em><br />
<strong>—Stephen Roach, </strong>former chief economist at Morgan Stanley, who in 2004 warned of impending economic “Armageddon”</p>
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<p><em>“I think we are maybe 10 percent into this crisis. The economic distortions have been building for longer than we’ve seen in the history of the world. Never have we had such confidence falsely placed in a reserve currency.”</em><br />
<strong>—Ron Paul, </strong>former presidential candidate, who advocates a return to the gold standard</p>
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		<title>Is America too big to fail?</title>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 22 Jul 2008 23:00:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>ggita32</dc:creator>
		
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By Peter S. Goodman

Sunday, July 20, 2008

NEW YORK: In the narrative that has governed American commercial life for the last quarter-century, saving companies from their own mistakes was not supposed to be part of the government&#8217;s job description. Economic policymakers in the United States took swaggering pride in the cutthroat but lucrative form of capitalism [...]]]></description>
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<div class="logoimage"><a href="http://www.iht.com/"><img src="http://img.iht.com/images/mobile/mobile_logo.gif" border="0" alt="International Herald Tribune" width="200" height="48" /></a></div>
<div><span class="bylinetext">By Peter S. Goodman<br />
</span></div>
<div class="pubdate"><span class="pubdatetext">Sunday, July 20, 2008</span></div>
<div class="bodytextdiv">
<p><strong>NEW YORK:</strong> In the narrative that has governed American commercial life for the last quarter-century, saving companies from their own mistakes was not supposed to be part of the government&#8217;s job description. Economic policymakers in the United States took swaggering pride in the cutthroat but lucrative form of capitalism that was supposedly indigenous to their frontier nation.</p>
<p>Through this uniquely American lens, saving businesses from collapse was the sort of thing that happened on other shores, where sentimental commitments to social welfare trumped sharp-edged competition. Weak-kneed European and Asian leaders were too frightened to endure the animal instincts of a real market, the story went. So they intervened time and again, using government largess to lift inefficient firms to safety, sparing jobs and limiting pain but keeping their economies from reaching full potential.</p>
<p>There have been recent interventions in America, of course - the taxpayer-backed bailout of Chrysler in 1979, and the savings and loan rescue of 1989. But the first happened under Jimmy Carter, a year before Americans embraced Ronald Reagan and his passion for unfettered markets. And the second was under George H.W. Bush, who did not share that passion.</p>
<p>So it made for a strange spectacle last weekend as the current Bush administration, which does cast itself in the Reagan mold, hastily prepared a bailout package to offer the government-sponsored mortgage companies, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. The reasoning behind this rescue effort - like the reasoning behind the government-induced takeover of Bear Stearns by JPMorgan Chase just a month before - sounded no different from that offered in defense of many a bailout in Japan and Europe:</p>
<p>The mortgage giants were too big to be allowed to fail.</p>
<p>Big indeed. Together, Fannie and Freddie own or guarantee nearly half of the nation&#8217;s $12 trillion worth of home mortgages. If they collapse, so may the whole system of finance for American housing, threatening a most unfortunate string of events: First, an already plummeting real estate market might crater. Then the banks that have sunk capital into American homes would slip deeper into trouble. And the virus might spread globally.</p>
<p>The central banks of China and Japan are on the hook for hundreds of billions of dollars worth of Fannie&#8217;s and Freddie&#8217;s bonds - debts they took on assuming that the two companies enjoyed the backing of the American government, argues Brad Setser, an economist at the Council on Foreign Relations.</p>
<p>Commercial banks from South Korea to Sweden hold investments linked to American mortgages. Their losses would mount if American homeowners suddenly couldn&#8217;t borrow. The global financial system could find itself short of capital and paralyzed by fear, hobbling economic growth in many lands.</p>
<p>Nobody with a meaningful office in Washington was in the mood for any of that, so the rescue nets were readied. The U.S. Treasury secretary, Henry Paulson Jr., announced that the government was willing to use taxpayer funds to buy shares in Fannie and Freddie. The chairman of the Federal Reserve, Ben Bernanke, said the central bank would lend them money.</p>
<p>The details were up in the air as the week ended, but some sort of bailout offer was on the table - one that could ultimately cost hundreds of billions of dollars. Whatever the dent to national bravado, or to the free-enterprise ideology, the phrase &#8220;too big to fail&#8221; suddenly carried an American accent.</p>
<p>&#8220;Some institutions really are too big to fail, and that&#8217;s the way it is,&#8221; said Douglas Elmendorf, a former Treasury and Federal Reserve economist who is now at the Brookings Institution in Washington. &#8220;There are no good options.&#8221;</p>
<p>Still, there are ironies. Since World War II, the United States has been the center of global finance, and it has used that position to virtually dictate the conditions under which many other nations - particularly developing countries - can get access to capital. Letting weak companies fail has been high on the list.</p>
<p>Paulson, who announced the bailout, made his name as chief executive of Goldman Sachs, the Wall Street investment giant, where he pried open new markets to foreign investment. As Treasury secretary, he has served as chief proselytizer for American-style capitalism, counseling the tough love of laissez-faire. In particular, he has leaned on China to let the value of its currency float freely, and has criticized its banks for shoveling money to companies favored by the Communist Party in order to limit joblessness and social instability.</p>
<p>All through Japan&#8217;s lost decade of the 1990s and afterward, American officials chided Tokyo for its unwillingness to let the forces of creative destruction take down the country&#8217;s bloated banks and the zombie companies they nurtured. The best way out of stagnation, Americans counseled, was to let weak companies die, freeing up capital for a new crop of leaner entrants.</p>
<p>But as Japan&#8217;s leaders engaged in bailouts and bookkeeping fictions to keep banks and companies breathing, they offered those words of justification now heard here: The companies were too big to fail.</p>
<p>In 2002, the government engineered the rescue of Daiei, a huge, debt-laden grocery chain. In 2003, it injected some $17 billion into Resona Bank to keep it upright. Each time, Japan&#8217;s leaders said failure was not an option. It would pull too many others into a downward spiral.</p>
<p>Today, among strict adherents of laissez-faire economics, the offer to bail out Fannie and Freddie is already being criticized as a trip down the Japanese path of putting off immediate pain while loading up the costs further along.</p>
<p>For one thing, this argument goes, taxpayers - who now confront plunging house prices, a drop on Wall Street and soaring costs for food and fuel - will ultimately pay the costs. To finance a bailout, the government can either pull more money from citizens directly, or the Fed can print more money - a step that encourages further inflation.</p>
<p>&#8220;They are going to raise the cost of living for every American,&#8221; said Peter Schiff, president of Euro Pacific Capital, a Connecticut-based brokerage house that focuses on international investments. &#8220;The government is debasing the value of our money. Freddie and Fannie need to fail. They are too big to save.&#8221;</p>
<p>Using public money to spare Fannie and Freddie would increase the public debt, which now exceeds $9.4 trillion. The United States has been financing itself by leaning heavily on foreigners, particularly China, Japan and the oil-rich nations of the Persian Gulf. Were they to become worried that the United States might not be able to pay up, that would force the Treasury to offer higher rates of interest for its next tranche of bonds. And that would increase the interest rates that Americans must pay for houses and cars, putting a drag on economic growth.</p>
<p>Meanwhile, as American debts swell and foreigners hold more of it, nervousness grows that, someday, this arrangement will end badly. The dollar has been declining in value against other currencies. Some foreigners have begun to hedge their bets by buying more euros.</p>
<p>&#8220;Obviously, this is going to come to an end,&#8221; Schiff said. &#8220;Foreigners are not charitable organizations, and they&#8217;re going to demand that we pay them back.&#8221;</p>
<p>No single country owning large amounts of dollar-based investments is inclined to dump them abruptly; nobody aims to start a panic. But fears have begun to grow that one day a country may get spooked that another is about to dump its dollars - and that could trigger pre-emptive panic selling.</p>
<p>&#8220;Foreigners could decide it&#8217;s just not worth the risk and sell,&#8221; says Andrew Tilton, an economist at Goldman Sachs. &#8220;The really dire scenarios have become a lot more likely than they were a year or two ago.&#8221;</p>
<p>Still, as Tilton and others are aware, one fundamental reality continues to offer assurances that foreigners will still buy American debt: In the global economy of the moment, the United States itself is too big to fail.</p>
<p>The logic for that assurance goes like this: The American consumer has for decades served as the engine of world commerce, using borrowed cash to snap up the accouterments of modern living - clothes and computers and cars now manufactured, in whole or in part, in factories from Asia to Latin America. Eliminate the American wherewithal to shop, and the pain would ripple out to multiple shores.</p>
<p>Globalization, in other words, allowed China and Japan to amass the fortunes they have been lending to the United States.</p>
<p>But globalization also emboldened American capitalists to take huge risks they might have otherwise avoided - like borrowing to erect forests of unsold homes from California to Florida, delivering the speculative disaster of the day. They were operating with bedrock confidence that money would never run out. Someone would always buy American debt, delivering more cash for the next go.</p>
<p>And this same interconnectedness appears to have reassured regulators in Washington about the health of the American financial system, as they declined to intervene against highly speculative lending during the real estate boom. Mortgages were being distributed to investors around the globe, and so were the risks, the regulators reasoned. Anyone who bought into that risk would have a strong interest in seeing that the American financial system stayed upright.</p>
<p>In other words, in the estimation of people in control of money, the United States cannot be allowed to collapse, just as Fannie and Freddie cannot be allowed to fail. Too much is riding on their survival.</p>
<p>The central truth of that logic still seems to be apparent as the Treasury keeps finding takers for American debt.</p>
<p>So the government offers its rescue of the mortgage companies, and foreigners keep stocking the government&#8217;s coffers. &#8220;They don&#8217;t want the U.S. to go into the worst downturn since the Depression,&#8221; Tilton says.</p>
<p>But all the while, the debt mounts along with the costs of an ultimate day of reckoning. Debate grows about the wisdom of leaning on foreign credit, and about how much longer Americans will retain the privilege of spending and investing money that isn&#8217;t really theirs.</p>
<p>Bailouts amount to mortgaging the future to stave off the wolf howling at the door. The likelihood of a painful reckoning is diminished, while the costs of a reckoning - should one come - are increased.</p>
<p>The costs are getting big.</p></div>
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		<title>Casey&#8217;s Charts - Inflation Double Header: CPI &#38; Commodity Prices</title>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 22 Jul 2008 06:34:47 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[



July 21, 2008




The Producer Price Index (PPI) and Consumer Price Index (CPI) are both measures of inflation tracked by the U.S. Department of Labor.
In the 1970s and 1980s, the PPI was an excellent leading indicator of where the CPI was headed. Producers, after all, are the first ones forced to absorb rising commodity costs, which [...]]]></description>
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<td width="100%" align="center" valign="bottom">July 21, 2008</td>
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<p><img src="http://caseyresearch.com/images/USCPI.jpg" alt="US CPI vs. PPI" width="612" height="391" /></p>
<p>The Producer Price Index (PPI) and Consumer Price Index (CPI) are both measures of inflation tracked by the U.S. Department of Labor.</p>
<p>In the 1970s and 1980s, the PPI was an excellent leading indicator of where the CPI was headed. Producers, after all, are the first ones forced to absorb rising commodity costs, which eventually they pass on to the consumers in the form of higher prices for their end products.</p>
<p>Since 1990, the PPI and CPI tend to move in tandem, showing that producers are anticipating commodity costs faster and passing them directly on to the consumer. In June 2008, soaring commodity prices pushed the PPI to its fastest rate of increase since February 1980.</p>
<p><img src="http://caseyresearch.com/images/CPIs.jpg" alt="CAN CPIs" width="609" height="407" /></p>
<p>North of the border, a similar scenario is playing out. The Bank of Canada&#8217;s &#8220;Commodity Price Index&#8221; is a broader and more direct measure of inflationary inputs to the economic system than the U.S. PPI, but the story is the same.</p>
<p>The Commodity Price Index reached a new record-high rate of increase in June 2008, beating the former record of 53.0% set in February 1974 (Statistics Canada starting tracking commodity prices in 1972).</p>
<p>While commodity prices show their volatility in this chart, they also prove to be a good indicator of which direction the Canadian Consumer Price Index is headed next (here&#8217;s a hint: it&#8217;s not down).</p>
<p>Both governments cook their numbers to a certain degree in an effort to play down inflationary influences, and keep panic at bay. But these charts clearly indicate that inflationary pressures today are reaching levels not seen in the last 25 years</p>
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<p><img src="http://www.caseyresearch.com/images/jl013008arrow.gif" alt="" hspace="5" width="19" height="16" align="texttop" /><strong>Stay in touch with the economic trends moving today&#8217;s markets</strong></p>
<p>On page 8 of the inaugural <em><strong>The Casey Report</strong></em>, Bud Conrad puts inflation in perspective, explaining its influence on commodity prices and interest rates.</p>
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		<title>Ron Paul on a Faith-Based Currency System</title>
		<link>http://freethemarketman.wordpress.com/2008/07/21/ron-paul-on-a-faith-based-currency-system/</link>
		<comments>http://freethemarketman.wordpress.com/2008/07/21/ron-paul-on-a-faith-based-currency-system/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 21 Jul 2008 16:50:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>freemarketman</dc:creator>
		
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://freethemarketman.wordpress.com/?p=916</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[(My Comment: Ron Paul is the only politician I know who has a brain&#8230;and the ability to use it!)
By Ron Paul,


The Latin term &#8220;fiat&#8221; roughly translates to &#8220;there shall be&#8221;.  When we refer to fiat money, we are referring to money that exists because the government declares it into existence.  It is not based on [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><blockquote><p><em>(<strong>My Comment</strong>: Ron Paul is the only politician I know who has a brain&#8230;and the ability to use it!</em>)</p></blockquote>
<p>By <a href="http://www.house.gov/paul/" target="_blank">Ron Paul</a>,</p>
<p><em><br />
</em></p>
<p>The Latin term &#8220;fiat&#8221; roughly translates to &#8220;there shall be&#8221;.  When we refer to fiat money, we are referring to money that exists because the government declares it into existence.  It is not based on production or earnings, and not backed by any commodity.  It is solely based on trusting the government.  Fiat money is exchanged in the economy as long as there is faith in the government that issues it.</p>
<p>Some are blaming the recent shakeup in the markets to &#8220;whining&#8221; or financial fear-mongering, which misses the whole point.  History has shown that fiat money, or &#8220;faith-based currency&#8221; always fails, because when governments claim this power, they always behave irresponsibly.</p>
<p>When government has the ability to create and spend all the money it wants, priorities shift, and the concept of budgeting, as most Americans know it, loses all meaning.  Hand a teenager a credit card, and tell him there is no limit and no accountability for what he spends, and the effect would be the same.  You see, this problem is not unique to our government.  It is a predictable outcome based on human nature, and we&#8217;ve seen variations of what we are experiencing now happen over and over throughout history.  I didn&#8217;t have a crystal ball or a fortune teller when I predicted this 3, 7, or even 30 years ago.  Actions have logical consequences.  The government becomes the reckless teenager with the credit card, and in the end, the taxpaying citizens get the bill.  What happens after that is never pretty.</p>
<p>This is why our founding fathers considered, but decidedly rejected the creation of a national central bank.  They understood that governments, even the best of governments, cannot control spending.  Even the current administration, which promised strict fiscal responsibility, has had to increase the national debt limit by 65 percent to keep up with its spending sprees.  Every dollar created and spent by government makes the dollars in your pocket worth less and less.   Eventually any currency controlled by government will be debased to worthlessness, and will wipe out the savings of the citizens who put faith in that currency.</p>
<p>Hard currencies, on the other hand, force governments to remain in check, strictly limited to the revenues they can raise from the country&#8217;s economic health.  This is also an incentive for government to stay out of the way of productivity.  The hyper-regulation in today&#8217;s economy demonstrates that this is no longer the case.  What does it matter if the economy is crippled and the tax-base eroded, if government can create whatever dollars they need to keep the special interests happy?</p>
<p>We have been building economic castles on the sand, and the tide is coming in.  The answer is not to bring in more sand, but to move to more solid foundation.</p>
<p>So yes, it is true that many are complaining about our economic trouble, but our economic trouble is not caused by their complaining.  Many are being forced to wake up to the predictable troubles associated with faith-based currency.  As more people notice the hardships, more will lose faith.</p>
<p>We are long overdue for a course correction and I can only hope that this awakening translates to a solid approach to currency reform.</p>
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		<title>Bank of China may hold huge US debt</title>
		<link>http://freethemarketman.wordpress.com/2008/07/21/bank-of-china-may-hold-huge-us-debt/</link>
		<comments>http://freethemarketman.wordpress.com/2008/07/21/bank-of-china-may-hold-huge-us-debt/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 21 Jul 2008 00:08:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>ggita32</dc:creator>
		
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		<description><![CDATA[
Bank of China Ltd may own about $20 billion of debt issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, representing two-thirds of total holdings among the six largest Chinese banks, according to CLSA Ltd.
The Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae investments would amount to about 2.6 percent of total assets at Bank of China, the nation&#8217;s third-biggest, [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><div style="padding-left:10px;padding-bottom:10px;width:600px;background-color:#ffffff;">
<p>Bank of China Ltd may own about $20 billion of debt issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, representing two-thirds of total holdings among the six largest Chinese banks, according to CLSA Ltd.</p>
<p>The Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae investments would amount to about 2.6 percent of total assets at Bank of China, the nation&#8217;s third-biggest, CLSA analysts said yesterday in a note to clients. That compares with 0.09 percent at larger Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Ltd (ICBC), they said.</p>
<p>ICBC may have $1 billion of securities linked to the two beleaguered US home loan companies, while China Construction Bank Corp, the second largest, may have $7 billion of such holdings, according to the report. China CITIC Bank Co may own $1.4 billion of agency debt, CLSA said.</p>
<p>The government-sponsored companies tumbled on Tuesday in New York Stock Exchange composite trading as investors lost confidence in Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson&#8217;s plan to shore up their finances. Moody&#8217;s Investors Service reduced the lenders&#8217; financial strength ratings, saying credit losses may jeopardize dividend payments on preferred shares.</p>
<p>As most Chinese banks classify the holdings as available-for-sale or held-to-maturity, they are unlikely to book a loss on their income statements, and declines in bond prices in July won&#8217;t affect first-half earnings, CLSA said.</p></div>
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		<title>The Crisis Is Upon Us</title>
		<link>http://freethemarketman.wordpress.com/2008/07/21/the-crisis-is-upon-us/</link>
		<comments>http://freethemarketman.wordpress.com/2008/07/21/the-crisis-is-upon-us/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 21 Jul 2008 00:01:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>ggita32</dc:creator>
		
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://freethemarketman.wordpress.com/?p=910</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[
by Ron Paul

bI have, for the past 35 years, expressed my grave concern for the future of America. The course we have taken over the past century has threatened our liberties, security and prosperity. In spite of these long-held concerns, I have days – growing more frequent all the time – when I&#8217;m convinced the [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p align="center"><span style="font-size:x-large;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif;"><strong></strong></span></p>
<p align="center"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif;"><strong>by <a href="http://www.house.gov/paul/mail/welcome.htm" target="_blank">Ron Paul</a></strong></span></p>
<p align="center"><strong></strong><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif;"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif" size="3"><strong></strong></font></span><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif;"><br />
</span><span style="font-size:xx-small;color:#ffffff;">b</span></strong><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif;">I have, for the past 35 years, expressed my grave concern for the future of America. The course we have taken over the past century has threatened our liberties, security and prosperity. In spite of these long-held concerns, I have days – growing more frequent all the time – when I&#8217;m convinced the time is now upon us that some Big Events are about to occur. These fast-approaching events will not go unnoticed. They will affect all of us. They will not be limited to just some areas of our country. The world economy and political system will share in the chaos about to be unleashed. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif;">Though the world has long suffered from the senselessness of wars that should have been avoided, my greatest fear is that the course on which we find ourselves will bring even greater conflict and economic suffering to the innocent people of the world – unless we quickly change our ways. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif;">America, with her traditions of free markets and property rights, led the way toward great wealth and progress throughout the world as well as at home. Since we have lost our confidence in the principles of liberty, self-reliance, hard work and frugality, and instead took on empire building, financed through inflation and debt, all this has changed. This is indeed frightening and an historic event. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif;">The problem we face is not new in history. Authoritarianism has been around a long time. For centuries, inflation and debt have been used by tyrants to hold power, promote aggression, and provide “bread and circuses” for the people. The notion that a country can afford “guns and butter” with no significant penalty existed even before the 1960s when it became a popular slogan. It was then, though, we were told the Vietnam War and the massive expansion of the welfare state were not problems. The seventies proved that assumption wrong. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif;">Today things are different from even ancient times or the 1970s. There is something to the argument that we are now a global economy. The world has more people and is more integrated due to modern technology, communications, and travel. If modern technology had been used to promote the ideas of liberty, free markets, sound money and trade, it would have ushered in a new golden age – a globalism we could accept. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif;">Instead, the wealth and freedom we now enjoy are shrinking and rest upon a fragile philosophic infrastructure. It is not unlike the levies and bridges in our own country that our system of war and welfare has caused us to ignore. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif;">I&#8217;m fearful that my concerns have been legitimate and things may even be worse than I first thought. They are now at our doorstep. Time is short for making a course correction before this grand experiment in liberty goes into deep hibernation. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif;">There are reasons to believe this coming crisis is different and bigger than any the world has ever experienced. Instead of using globalism in a positive fashion, it&#8217;s been used to globalize all of the mistakes of the politicians, bureaucrats and central bankers. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif;">Being an unchallenged sole superpower was never accepted by us with a sense of humility and respect. Our arrogance and aggressiveness have been used to promote a world empire backed by the most powerful army of history. This type of globalist intervention creates problems for all citizens of the world and fails to contribute to the well-being of the world&#8217;s populations. Just think how our personal liberties have been trashed here at home in the last decade. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif;">The financial crisis, still in its early stages, is apparent to everyone: gasoline prices over $4 a gallon; skyrocketing education and medical-care costs; the collapse of the housing bubble; the bursting of the NASDAQ bubble; stock markets plunging; unemployment rising; massive underemployment; excessive government debt; and unmanageable personal debt. Little doubt exists as to whether we&#8217;ll get stagflation. The question that will soon be asked is: When will the stagflation become an inflationary depression? </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif;">There are various reasons that the world economy has been globalized and the problems we face are worldwide. We cannot understand what we&#8217;re facing without understanding fiat money and the long-developing dollar bubble. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif;">There were several stages. From the inception of the Federal Reserve System in 1913 to 1933, the Central Bank established itself as the official dollar manager. By 1933, Americans could no longer own gold, thus removing restraint on the Federal Reserve to inflate for war and welfare. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif;">By 1945, further restraints were removed by creating the Bretton-Woods Monetary System making the dollar the reserve currency of the world. This system lasted up until 1971. During the period between 1945 and 1971, some restraints on the Fed remained in place. Foreigners, but not Americans, could convert dollars to gold at $35 an ounce. Due to the excessive dollars being created, that system came to an end in 1971. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif;">It&#8217;s the post Bretton-Woods system that was responsible for globalizing inflation and markets and for generating a gigantic worldwide dollar bubble. That bubble is now bursting, and we&#8217;re seeing what it&#8217;s like to suffer the consequences of the many previous economic errors. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif;">Ironically in these past 35 years, we have benefited from this very flawed system. Because the world accepted dollars as if they were gold, we only had to counterfeit more dollars, spend them overseas (indirectly encouraging our jobs to go overseas as well) and enjoy unearned prosperity. Those who took our dollars and gave us goods and services were only too anxious to loan those dollars back to us. This allowed us to export our inflation and delay the consequences we now are starting to see.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif;">But it was never destined to last, and now we have to pay the piper. Our huge foreign debt must be paid or liquidated. Our entitlements are coming due just as the world has become more reluctant to hold dollars. The consequence of that decision is price inflation in this country – and that&#8217;s what we are witnessing today. Already price inflation overseas is even higher than here at home as a consequence of foreign central banks&#8217; willingness to monetize our debt. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif;">Printing dollars over long periods of time may not immediately push prices up – yet in time it always does. Now we&#8217;re seeing catch-up for past inflating of the monetary supply. As bad as it is today with $4 a gallon gasoline, this is just the beginning. It&#8217;s a gross distraction to hound away at “drill, drill, drill” as a solution to the dollar crisis and high gasoline prices. It&#8217;s okay to let the market increase supplies and drill, but that issue is a gross distraction from the sins of deficits and Federal Reserve monetary shenanigans. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif;">This bubble is different and bigger for another reason. The central banks of the world secretly collude to centrally plan the world economy. I&#8217;m convinced that agreements among central banks to “monetize” U.S. debt these past 15 years have existed, although secretly and out of the reach of any oversight of anyone – especially the U.S. Congress that doesn&#8217;t care, or just flat doesn&#8217;t understand. As this “gift” to us comes to an end, our problems worsen. The central banks and the various governments are very powerful, but eventually the markets overwhelm them when the people who get stuck holding the bag (of bad dollars) catch on and spend the dollars into the economy with emotional zeal, thus igniting inflationary fever. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif;">This time – since there are so many dollars and so many countries involved – the Fed has been able to “paper” over every approaching crisis for the past 15 years, especially with Alan Greenspan as Chairman of the Federal Reserve Board, which has allowed the bubble to become history&#8217;s greatest. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif;">The mistakes made with excessive credit at artificially low rates are huge, and the market is demanding a correction. This involves excessive debt, misdirected investments, over-investments, and all the other problems caused by the government when spending the money they should never have had. Foreign militarism, welfare handouts and $80 trillion entitlement promises are all coming to an end. We don&#8217;t have the money or the wealth-creating capacity to catch up and care for all the needs that now exist because we rejected the market economy, sound money, self-reliance and the principles of liberty. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif;">Since the correction of all this misallocation of resources is necessary and must come, one can look for some good that may come as this “Big Event” unfolds.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif;">There are two choices that people can make. The one choice that is unavailable to us is to limp along with the status quo and prop up the system with more debt, inflation and lies. That won&#8217;t happen. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif;">One of the two choices, and the one chosen so often by government in the past is that of rejecting the principles of liberty and resorting to even bigger and more authoritarian government. Some argue that giving dictatorial powers to the President, just as we have allowed him to run the American empire, is what we should do. That&#8217;s the great danger, and in this post-911 atmosphere, too many Americans are seeking safety over freedom. We have already lost too many of our personal liberties. Real fear of economic collapse could prompt central planners to act to such a degree that the New Deal of the 30&#8217;s might look like Jefferson&#8217;s Declaration of Independence. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif;">The more the government is allowed to do in taking over and running the economy, the deeper the depression gets and the longer it lasts. That was the story of the 30s and the early 40s, and the same mistakes are likely to be made again if we do not wake up.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif;">But the good news is that it need not be so bad if we do the right thing. I saw “Something Big” happening in the past 18 months on the campaign trail. I was encouraged that we are capable of waking up and doing the right thing. I have literally met thousands of high school and college kids who are quite willing to accept the challenge and responsibility of a free society and reject the cradle-to-grave welfare that is promised them by so many do-good politicians. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif;">If more hear the message of liberty, more will join in this effort. The failure of our foreign policy, welfare system, and monetary policies and virtually all government solutions are so readily apparent, it doesn&#8217;t take that much convincing. But the positive message of how freedom works and why it&#8217;s possible is what is urgently needed.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif;">One of the best parts of accepting self-reliance in a free society is that true personal satisfaction with one&#8217;s own life can be achieved. This doesn&#8217;t happen when the government assumes the role of guardian, parent or provider, because it eliminates a sense of pride. But the real problem is the government can&#8217;t provide the safety and economic security that it claims. The so-called good that government claims it can deliver is always achieved at the expense of someone else&#8217;s freedom. It&#8217;s a failed system and the young people know it.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif;">Restoring a free society doesn&#8217;t eliminate the need to get our house in order and to pay for the extravagant spending. But the pain would not be long-lasting if we did the right things, and best of all the empire would have to end for financial reasons. Our wars would stop, the attack on civil liberties would cease, and prosperity would return. The choices are clear: it shouldn&#8217;t be difficult, but the big event now unfolding gives us a great opportunity to reverse the tide and resume the truly great American Revolution started in 1776. Opportunity knocks in spite of the urgency and the dangers we face. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif;">Let&#8217;s make “Something Big Is Happening” be the discovery that freedom works and is popular and the big economic and political event we&#8217;re witnessing is a blessing in disguise.</span></p>
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<p align="center"><span style="font-size:medium;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4"><strong><a href="http://www.lewrockwell.com/paul/" target="_blank"></a></strong></font></span><strong><a href="http://www.lewrockwell.com/paul/" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:large;">See the Ron Paul File</span></a></strong></p>
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<p align="right"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif;"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, serif" size="3"><em>July 19</em></font></span><em><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif;">, 2008</span></em></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif;"><em>Dr. Ron Paul is a Republican member of Congress from Texas.</em></span></div>
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		<title>America&#8217;s Forgotten War Against the Central Banks</title>
		<link>http://freethemarketman.wordpress.com/2008/07/20/americas-forgotten-war-against-the-central-banks/</link>
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		<pubDate>Sun, 20 Jul 2008 09:54:28 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[By Mike Hewitt

&#8220;Let me issue and control a nation&#8217;s money supply, and I care not who makes its laws.&#8221; (Mayer Amschel Rothschild, Founder of Rothschild Banking Dynasty)

Prominent Americans such as Thomas Jefferson and Andrew Jackson have argued and fought against the central banking polices used throughout Europe.
A note issued by a central bank, such as [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><div class="postauthor blacklink"><a href="http://www.dollardaze.org/blog/?page_id=00001&amp;cat_id=20">By Mike Hewitt</a></div>
<div class="quotationblock">
<blockquote><p>&#8220;Let me issue and control a nation&#8217;s money supply, and I care not who makes its laws.&#8221; (Mayer Amschel Rothschild, Founder of Rothschild Banking Dynasty)</p></blockquote>
</div>
<p>Prominent Americans such as Thomas Jefferson and Andrew Jackson have argued and fought against the central banking polices used throughout Europe.</p>
<p>A note issued by a central bank, such as the Federal Reserve Note, is bank currency. These notes are given to the government in exchange for an interest-bearing government bond. The primary means to pay for the interest on these bonds is to borrow more bank notes, thus beginning a vicious cycle that ultimately ends with the complete destruction of the currency and bankruptcy of the nation. History is replete with such occurrences. (For a list of countries that have experienced hyperinflation click <a rel="external" href="http://www.dollardaze.org/blog/?post_id=00107&amp;cat_id=17" target="_blank">here</a>).</p>
<p>This begs the question as to why such a doomed system would exist? The reason is that during the course of the arrangement, which can last for centuries, the central bankers who issue the money amass great fortunes from the large sums of interest collected. In essence it is a transfer of wealth from the many to the elite few. Government leaders prefer such a system because it does not require budgets to be balanced. It is far more politically expedient to borrow, then to directly tax the citizens.</p>
<p>The effects of currency debasement and debt accumulation are not obvious and in the words attributed to Vladimir Lenin by John Maynard Keynes,</p>
<div class="quotationblock">
<blockquote><p>&#8220;By a continuing process of inflation, governments can confiscate, secretly and unobserved, an important part of the wealth of their citizens&#8230;There is no subtler, no surer means of overturning the existing basis of society than to debauch the currency. The process engages all the hidden forces of economic law on the side of destruction, and does it in a manner which not one man in a million is able to diagnose.&#8221; (John Maynard Keynes)</p></blockquote>
</div>
<p>Throughout the history of the United States there has been a struggle between central bankers and their interest-bearing money and those who oppose them. In fact, the United States was created as a direct result of that struggle.</p>
<h2>Colonial America</h2>
<p>In order to pay debts incurred from the Seven Years War with France, King George III of England sought to heavily tax the colonies in America. In 1742, the British Resumption Act required that taxes and other debts be paid in gold.</p>
<p>As a result of scarcity of gold, the colonists turned to alternative forms of money including wampum, tobacco, and copper coins. Most silver coinage in circulation came from Spanish America, Spain, the Netherlands, the German States, France and other foreign countries. The colonies began issuing colonial script that was paper fiat currency not backed by gold or silver. This type of money was also known as colonial <span class="italic">bills of credit</span>. This radically differed from the <span class="italic">bills of debit</span> issued by the central banks of Europe.</p>
<div class="quotationblock">
<p>&#8220;That is simple. In the colonies we issue our own money. It is called &#8216;Colonial Script&#8217;. We issue it in proper proportion to the demands of trade and industry to make the products pass easily from the producers to the consumers&#8230;In this manner, creating for ourselves our own paper money, we control its purchasing power, and we have no interest to pay to no one.&#8221;</p></div>
<p>In response, the Bank of England influenced the British Parliament to put a stop to this activity. Under the Currency Act of 1764, King George III decreed that the Colonists cease printing their own money. The colonial script in circulation was to be exchanged at a two-to-one ratio with notes drawn from the Bank of England. This caused widespread unemployment and economic depression in the colonies.</p>
<div class="quotationblock">
<blockquote><p>&#8220;In one year, the conditions were so reversed that the era of prosperity ended, and a depression set in, to such an extent that the streets of the Colonies were filled with unemployed.&#8221; (Benjamin Franklin)</p></blockquote>
</div>
<p>Additional British legislation further angered the colonists who protested against taxation without representation. The Stamp Act of 1765 was the first direct tax levied by the British Parliament on the colonies. Every item of commerce - newspapers, almanacs, pamphlets and official documents, even decks of playing cards - were required to have the stamps. An economic boycott of British goods later led to its repeal.</p>
<p>The Townsend Acts of 1767 placed a tax on a number of essential goods including paper, glass and tea. On April 12, 1770 all the taxes, except for that on tea, were repealed</p>
<p>Increased British military presence in the colonies further reduced Colonial support towards Britain. On March 5, 1770, a large boisterous mob armed with sticks of firewood began throwing snowballs and debris at a group of British soldiers. One of the soldiers was struck down and in the confusion the British soldiers discharged their muskets into the crowd. Eleven people were hit of which three were killed instantly. Two later died from their wounds. The event became known as the Boston Massacre and was often cited and exaggerated to illicit further discontent towards the British.</p>
<p>The currency restrictions, hated taxes and numerous clashes with British soldiers set the stage for the infamous Boston Tea Party.</p>
<h2>The Boston Tea Party</h2>
<div class="centered"><img class="aligncenter" src="http://www.dollardaze.org/blog/posts/2007/October/19/1/teaparty.jpg" alt="" width="530" height="340" /></div>
<p class="sourcecredit">This 1846 lithograph has become a classic image of the Boston Tea Party</p>
<p>The colonists began smuggling in tea from Holland to circumvent British taxes. Under the Tea Act of 1773, the British removed a duty always paid at an English port by the tea merchant on his way from the Orient to America, thereby making their tea cheaper than that from Holland.</p>
<p>Tea-laden ships reached Charleston, Philadelphia, New York, and Boston late in the autumn of 1773. However, the colonists felt that principles were at stake and, in defiance, refused to purchase the English tea. The only port the tea landed was Charleston where it was left to rot in storage.</p>
<p>On December 16, 1773, a group of colonists disguised as Mohawk Indians, led by Samuel Adams, boarded the ships of British tea merchants and dumped 340 chests of tea with an estimated value of £10,000 worth into the Boston harbour.</p>
<p>The infuriated British government responded by passing several acts that came to be known as the Intolerable Acts of 1774. These Acts included, among other measures, the Boston Port Act which closed the important port until the East India Company had been repaid for the destroyed tea and until the king was satisfied that order had been restored.</p>
<p>The harsh measures of these Acts made it difficult for moderates within the colonies to continue supporting Britain and promoted sympathy towards Massachusetts. This resulted in the formation of the First Continental Congress. Measures discussed at this meeting included a formal agreement to boycott British goods unless the Intolerable Acts were reversed and a pledge that all colonies would support Massachusetts in case of any military action from Britain.</p>
<p>Open hostilities began on April 19, 1775 in Middlesex County, Province of Massachusetts Bay when a British regiment was dispatched to confiscate arms and arrest revolutionaries. This sparked the beginning of the American Revolutionary War, later identified as the War of Independence.</p>
<h2>The Bank of North America (1781-1785)</h2>
<p>The first attempt to set up a European style central bank was the formation of the Bank of North America by Robert Morris who used gold loaned from France as a reserve deposit. Using the system of fractional reserve banking, money was loaned out to eager American political leaders who were cash-strapped from the War of Independence.</p>
<p>Fractional reserve banking is a time-honoured tradition beginning with the English goldsmiths of 1000 A.D. The goldsmiths, who at that time functioned as early bankers, discovered that they could lend out more in paper receipts for gold than they had of the actual metal so long as the majority of depositors never asked for their gold back. Fractional reserve banking is the tolerated, and now institutionalized, practice of banks lending out money they don&#8217;t have and charging interest on it. In any other industry, this would be considered fraud. (For a more in-depth discussion of Fractional Reserve banking, click <a rel="external" href="http://dollardaze.org/blog/?post_id=00024&amp;cat_id=20" target="_blank">here</a>).</p>
<p>To illustrate the process, consider a bank having $1 million in reserve deposits. Under a reserve ratio of 10%, that bank may legally lend out $10 million in loans. At a modest interest rate of 7%, this equates to an annual revenue of $700,000 from an underlying asset of just $1 million. It is through this fraudulent practice that banking is such a profitable business and why all the tallest buildings in major urban centers are owned by banks.</p>
<p>The large issue of bills from the Bank of North American led to a rapid decline in their value and collapse of the bank in 1785. The interest money collected during those years did not go unnoticed. Gouverneur Morris of Pennsylvania, one of the authors of the Constitution of the United States, stated in 1787 that,</p>
<div class="quotationblock">
<blockquote><p>&#8220;The rich will strive to establish their dominion and enslave the rest. They always did. They always will&#8230; They will have the same effect here as elsewhere, if we do not, by (the power of) government, keep them in their proper spheres.&#8221; (Gouverneur Morris of Pennsylvania)</p></blockquote>
</div>
<h2>The [First] Bank of the United States</h2>
<p>Six years after the collapse of the Bank of North America, bankers in Europe installed a private central bank, known as the [First] Bank of the United States. The bank bill was officially proposed by Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of the Treasury, to the first session of the First Congress in 1790.</p>
<p>Coincidently, one of Hamilton&#8217;s first jobs after graduating from law school in 1782 was as an aide to Robert Morris, the head of the Bank of North America that collapsed in 1785.</p>
<p>Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson argued that the Bank violated traditional property laws and that its relevance to constitutionally authorized powers was weak.</p>
<div class="quotationblock">
<blockquote><p>&#8220;I believe that banking institutions are more dangerous to our liberties than standing armies &#8230; If the American people ever allow private banks to control the issue of their currency, first by inflation, then by deflation, the banks and corporations that will grow up around [the banks] will deprive the people of all property until their children wake-up homeless on the continent their fathers conquered. The issuing power should be taken from the banks and restored to the people, to whom it properly belongs.&#8221; (Thomas Jefferson, 1743-1826)</p></blockquote>
</div>
<p>Hamilton argued that the while the Constitution states that while no single state government can create paper currency, there is no wording preventing the federal government from doing so.</p>
<p>In the end, George Washington signed the bank bill into law on April 25, 1791 for a 20-year charter. In the first five years of operation, the American government borrowed $8.2 million and prices rose by 72%.</p>
<div class="quotationblock">
<blockquote><p>&#8220;I wish it were possible to obtain a single amendment to our Constitution - taking from the federal government their power of borrowing.&#8221; (Thomas Jefferson, 1798 )</p></blockquote>
</div>
<p>Twenty years later, the Democratic-Republican majority in Congress voted against renewing the Federalist conceived institution and the [First] Bank of the United States officially closed its doors on March 3, 1811.</p>
<h2>War of 1812</h2>
<p>Nathan Mayer Rothschild, son of Mayer Amschel Rothschild, is claimed by some historians to have warned, &#8220;&#8230;that the United States would find itself involved in a most disastrous war if the bank&#8217;s charter were not renewed.&#8221; Coincidently, within five months of the closing of the [First] Bank of the United States, the British declared war allegedly financed by loans from the Rothschilds, whom at this time were already prominent bankers in Europe.</p>
<p>The War of 1812 resulted in the first significant issue of treasury notes from the United States of America. These notes differed from bank notes because they were not exchanged for an interest-bearing government bond.</p>
<p>The U.S. Constitution defines a difference between legal currency and bills of credit. As a result the treasury bills were not to circulate as currency and could only be issued to persons who &#8216;may choose&#8217; to accept them. A resolution in 1814 seeking to make the treasury notes &#8220;legal tender in all debts due&#8221; was voted down 95 to 42. Some 50 years later, Congress would not demonstrate such wisdom again.</p>
<p>With the British busy fighting Napoleon, the War of 1812 ended in a draw in 1814.</p>
<h2>The Second Bank of the United States</h2>
<p>Due to the costs of war, many banks had over-issued their currency from making loans to the government. In order to protect the banking industry, Congress suspended redemption of paper money in gold or silver. Instead of just keeping merely the banks solvent, this measure allowed them to further lend money. Soon the entire U.S. banking system was in chaos.</p>
<p>The banking system would ultimately be required to honour their obligations. This would result in widespread bankruptcies, as loans would be need to be called in to cover depositor withdrawals. The most politically viable option to prevent this was to establish a central bank to function as the lender of last resort.</p>
<p>The Second Bank of the United States was chartered in 1816 under the administration of U.S. President James Madison. It was founded with a mandate similar to that of the previous [First] Bank of the United States whose charter had expired five years prior. These mandates were to issue currency, purchase government debt, and serve as the official depository for Treasury funds.</p>
<p>The bank was to raise $7 million in as reserves but never acquired more than $2.5 million. In 1818, the Bank had $2.36 million in reserves, and $21.8 million of notes and deposits on record giving it a reserve ratio of 0.11. Within one and half years the bank had added $19.2 million to the Nation&#8217;s money supply thus sparking an economic boom.</p>
<p>As a result of soaring prices from currency devaluation the bank became in danger of being unable to honour redemptions on its reserves. To prevent such a calamity, the bank decreased the money supply from $21.9 million to $11.5 million. The 47% reduction in money supply led to a text-book example of a deflationary bust caused by manipulation of the money supply.</p>
<h2>Andrew Jackson &#8216;Kills the Bank&#8217;</h2>
<p>President Jackson was an advocate of sound monetary policies as outlined in the U.S. Constitution. He opposed the central bank system of issuing currency against debt.</p>
<p>Jackson had an investigation done on the Second Bank of the United States which he said established &#8220;beyond question that this great and powerful institution had been actively engaged in attempting to influence the elections of the public officers by means of its money.&#8221;</p>
<p>In 1832, Andrew Jackson&#8217;s re-election slogan was &#8220;JACKSON and NO BANK!&#8221; On July 10, 1832 President Jackson vetoed congress&#8217; decision to renew the charter of The Second Bank of The United States.</p>
<div class="quotationblock">
<blockquote><p>&#8220;It is not our own citizens only who are to receive the bounty of our government. More than eight millions of the stock of this bank are held by foreigners&#8230; is there no danger to our liberty and independence in a bank that in its nature has so little to bind it to our country? &#8230; Controlling our currency, receiving our public moneys, and holding thousands of our citizens in dependence&#8230; would be more formidable and dangerous than a military power of the enemy.&#8221; (President Andrew Jackson - July 10, 1832)</p></blockquote>
</div>
<p>In 1833, President Andrew Jackson instructed his Secretaries of the Treasury to cease depositing funds to the bank. Two refused to obey, so he fired them, one after the other, until he got one who did: Roger B. Taney, his former Attorney General and the future Supreme Court Chief Justice.</p>
<p>In 1835, Jackson paid off the final instalment on the national debt. He was the first and only president to ever accomplish this. A few weeks later, Richard Lawrence tried to shoot Jackson. However, both revolvers failed and he was arrested and tried but was found not guilty by reason of insanity. Allegedly, he spoke to several friends that wealthy people in Europe had put him up to it and promised to get him released if he was caught.</p>
<h2>Abraham Lincoln</h2>
<p>In order to finance the North&#8217;s Civil War efforts, Lincoln approached the European banks controlled by the Rothschilds in 1861. They demanded 24% to 36% interest. Lincoln refused and instead passed the Legal Tender Act of 1862. Under this new piece of legislation, Lincoln issued US$449,338,902 of interest-free money, known as Greenbacks, so-called from the green ink they used. It served as legal tender for all debts, public and private and was used to finance the Union&#8217;s Civil War efforts.</p>
<div class="quotationblock">
<blockquote><p>&#8220;The government should create, issue and circulate all the currency and credit needed to satisfy the spending power of the government and the buying power of consumers &#8230; The privilege of creating and issuing money is not only the supreme prerogative of Government, but it is the Government&#8217;s greatest creative opportunity. By the adoption of these principles, the long-felt want for a uniform medium will be satisfied. The taxpayers will be saved immense sums of interest&#8230;&#8221; (Abraham Lincoln)</p></blockquote>
</div>
<p>An editorial in the <span class="italic">London Times</span> reveals sentiment of the European bankers,</p>
<div class="quotationblock">
<blockquote><p>&#8220;If this mischievous financial policy, which has its origin in North America, shall become endurated down to a fixture, then that Government will furnish its own money without cost. It will pay off debts and be without debt. It will have all the money necessary to carry on its commerce. It will become prosperous without precedent in the history of the world. The brains, and wealth of all countries will go to North America. That country must be destroyed or it will destroy every monarchy on the globe.&#8221; (<span class="italic">London Times</span>, 1865)</p></blockquote>
</div>
<p>By the end of 1863, Congress had authorized the printing of US$850 million worth of Greenbacks. Private banks used these Greenbacks as bank reserves, against which the issued their own bank notes and demand deposits. Over the course of the U.S. Civil War the money supply went from $45 million to $1.77 billion. Prices subsequently skyrocketed.</p>
<p>In 1863, Congress passed the National Bank Act from which point forward, all money in circulation would be created out of debt from bankers buying U.S. government bonds in exchange for bank notes. By 1865, the national banks had 83 percent of all bank assets in the United States.</p>
<p>Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865, just five days after Lee surrendered to Grant. On April 12, 1866, Congress passed the Contraction Act which called for retiring Lincoln&#8217;s greenbacks from circulation as soon as they came back to the Treasury in payment of taxes.</p>
<h2>Assassination of President Garfield</h2>
<p>President James A. Garfield was inaugurated in 1881 and was the second American president to be assassinated. He was shot by Charles J. Guiteau on July 2, 1881 and later died from medical complications on September 19. Two weeks before being shot, President Garfield is attributed with saying,</p>
<div class="quotationblock">
<blockquote><p>&#8220;Whoever controls the volume of money in our country is absolute master of all industry and commerce&#8230;and when you realize that the entire system is very easily controlled, one way or another, by a few powerful men at the top, you will not have to be told how periods of inflation and depression originate.&#8221; (President James A. Garfield, 1881)</p></blockquote>
</div>
<h2>Panic of 1907</h2>
<p>Three failed attempts of establishing a central bank in the United States did not dissuade a fourth. By the beginning of the 20<span class="sup">th</span> century the most influential business men and bankers were the J.D. Rockefeller, J.P. Morgan, Paul Warburg, and the Rothschilds.</p>
<p>The Panic of 1907 was a run on the American banking system as a result of a public announcement by J.P. Morgan that a prominent bank in New York was insolvent. The results were wide-spread mass withdrawals on the entire banking system. This forced the banks to call in their loans. Bankruptcies, repossessions and financial turmoil emerged.</p>
<p>Congress created the National Monetary Commission after the Panic of 1907 to draft up a plan for banking reform. Nelson Aldrich headed the Commission that comprised of two components - one to study the European central banking systems headed by Aldrich himself and another to study the American monetary system.</p>
<p>Centralized banking was met with much opposition from the American public, who were suspicious of a central bank and who charged that Aldrich was biased due to his close ties to wealthy bankers such as J.P. Morgan and his daughter&#8217;s marriage to John D. Rockefeller, Jr.</p>
<h2>Creation of the Federal Reserve</h2>
<p>Allegedly, in exchange for financial support for his presidential campaign, Woodrow Wilson agreed that if elected, he would sign a bill that would lead to the formation of a central bank for the United States.</p>
<p>On 1910, a secret meeting took place on the Morgan estate on Jekyll Island, Georgia. Aldrich met with representatives of prominent banking firms. Such men included Henry Davison (senior partner of J.P. Morgan Company), Frank Vandelip (President of the National Bank of New York associated with the Rockefellers), Charles D. Norton (president of the Morgan-dominated of First National Bank of New York), Benjamin Strong (representing J.P. Morgan), and the primary architect of the Act, Paul Warburg (representing Kuhn, Loeb &amp; Co.)</p>
<p>Over a period of ten days they drafted the Federal Reserve Act that was voted on in Congress on Monday 22 December 1913 between the hours of 1:30 am to 4:30 am when much of Congress was either sleeping or at home with their families for the Christmas holidays. It passed through the Senate the following morning and Woodrow Wilson signed the bill into law later that same day at 6:02 pm. This Act transferred control of the money supply of the United States from Congress as defined in the U.S. Constitution to the private banking elite.</p>
<p>The deceptive terminology of the name was carefully chosen because the American public did not want a central bank similar to those in Europe. The Federal Reserve is not a federal governmental entity nor is it a reserve, such as a governmental treasury, backing up its currency. The Federal Reserve is a legalized cartel of the money supply owned by private national banks, operating for the benefit of the few under the guise of protecting and promoting public interests.</p>
<p>The meeting on Jekyll Island remained unknown to the public until Forbes magazine founder Bertie Charles Forbes wrote an article about it in 1916, three years after the Federal Reserve Act was passed.</p>
<p>Wilson wrote in his book, <span class="italic">The New Freedom</span>,</p>
<div class="quotationblock">
<blockquote><p>&#8220;A great industrial nation is controlled by its system of credit. Our system of credit is privately concentrated. The growth of the nation, therefore, and all our activities are in the hands of a few men &#8230; [W]e have come to be one of the worst ruled, one of the most completely controlled and dominated, governments in the civilized world&#8211;no longer a government by free opinion, no longer a government by conviction and the vote of the majority, but a government by the opinion and the duress of small groups of dominant men.&#8221; (Woodrow Wilson, <span class="italic">The New Freedom: A Call for the Emancipation of the Generous Energies of a People</span>)</p></blockquote>
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<p>A central banking system wherein every dollar created is an instrument of debt requires the collection of large sums of money from the people to pay off the interest. Interestingly, 1913 was also the year that introduced the Sixteenth Amendment, thereby giving government the power to collect taxes based on income.</p>
<h2>World War I</h2>
<p>In 1914, when war broke out in Europe, the American public did not want to become involved. While President Woodrow Wilson publicly declared that the United States would remain neutral, efforts were being made behind the scenes to ensure America&#8217;s entry into the war.</p>
<p>Wars are extremely profitable for central bankers because it forces the governments to further borrow addition money at interest. Secretary of State, William Jennings Bryan wrote, &#8220;the large banking interests were deeply interested in the world war because of the wide opportunities for large profits.&#8221;</p>
<p>Allegedly on May 7, 1915 the Lusitania, an ocean-liner carrying American passengers, was deliberately sent into German controlled waters. The German Imperial embassy paid to have a warning ad in fifty East Coast newspapers, including those in New York, stating that anyone boarding the Lusitania would be doing so at their own risk . The ad appeared only in the <span class="italic">Des Moines Register</span>.</p>
<p>As expected, a German U-boat torpedoed the Lusitania. German records indicate that a large secondary explosion followed the torpedo hit leading some to speculate the storing of ammunition. As a result 1,198 people of the 1,959 aboard lost their lives and the U.S. shortly entered the war thereafter.</p>
<h2>The First Moves of the Federal Reserve</h2>
<p>The public was told that the creation of the Federal Reserve would stabilize the economy. From 1914-1919 the money supply nearly doubled. This resulted in extensive loans to small businesses and the public. A calling in of the loans in 1920 resulted wide-spread bankruptcies and bank-runs marking the steep 1920-1 recession. Over 5400 independent and competitive private banks outside of the Federal Reserve System collapsed thus consolidating the power of the central banks.</p>
<p>The Harding administration did not intervene despite political pressure to do so. Harding&#8217;s approach to the problem was, &#8220;the banks got themselves into this mess, so let them get themselves out of it.&#8221; Since the Harding administration public management of the economy has emerged as a primary activity of the government.</p>
<p>President Harding was the sixth president to die while in office. It was during his &#8220;Voyage of Understanding&#8221;, during which he was returning from Alaska. The official cause of death as stated in the New York Times was, &#8220;a stroke of apoplexy&#8221;. Gaston B. Means, an amateur historian and gadfly, noted in his book <span class="italic">The Strange Death of President Harding</span> (1930) that the circumstances surrounding his death lend themselves to speculation he had been poisoned.</p>
<h2>The Great Depression</h2>
<p>From 1921 to 1929 the Federal Reserve increased the money supply by 62% thus fuelling the period known as the Roaring Twenties. Further fuelling the rise in stock market indices was a new type of loan, known as a <span class="italic">margin loan</span>, whereby an investor would only need to put down 10% of the value of a stock with the remaining 90% being loaned from the broker. Like today, these loans could be called in at any time and had to be paid within 24 hours, known as a <span class="italic">margin call</span>. This is typically accomplished by the selling of the stock purchased using the loan.</p>
<p>These two factors, loose monetary policy and easy loans resulted in a fivefold increase in the Dow Jones Industrial Average over the latter half of the 1920&#8217;s.</p>
<p>The mass calling in of these margin loans by the New York banking establishment resulted in the devastating market crashes of October of 1929. &#8220;Black Thursday&#8221;, the initial crash, occurred on October 24. The crash that caused general panic five days later on October 29 was known as &#8220;Black Tuesday&#8221;.</p>
<p>Then, instead of expanding the money supply, the Federal Reserve contracted it, thereby creating the period known as the Great Depression. Congressman Wright Patman in <span class="italic">A Primer On Money</span>, reported that the money supply decreased by eight billion dollars from 1929 to 1933, causing 11,630 banks of the total of 26,401 in the United States to go bankrupt. This allowed central bankers to buy up rival banks and whole corporations at a deep discount.</p>
<p>It is interesting to note that biographies of J.P. Morgan, Joe F. Kennedy, J.D. Rockefeller and Bernard Baruch indicate that they all managed to transfer their assets out of the stock market and into gold just before the crash of 1929.</p>
<p>Legend has it that Joseph P. Kennedy decided to sell his considerable stock holdings after hearing an investment tip from a shoe-shiner. Joe Kennedy went from having $4 million in 1929 to over $100 million in 1935.</p>
<p>One must wonder if that &#8217;shoe-shiner&#8217; was Paul Warburg, a founder and original member of the Federal Reserve warning of the coming collapse and depression in an annual report to the stockholders of his International Acceptance Bank,</p>
<div class="quotationblock">
<blockquote><p>&#8220;If the orgies of unrestrained speculation are permitted to spread, the ultimate collapse is certain not only to affect the speculators themselves, but to bring about a general depression involving the entire country.&#8221; (Paul Warburg, March 1929)</p></blockquote>
</div>
<p>On June 10, 1932, Congressman Louis McFadden, a long-time adversary to the Federal Reserve, made a 25-minute speech before the House of Representatives, in which he accused the Federal Reserve of deliberately causing the Great Depression.</p>
<p>In 1933, McFadden introduced House Resolution No. 158, Articles of Impeachment for the Secretary of the Treasury, the Comptroller of the Currency, and the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve, for numerous criminal acts, including but not limited to, conspiracy, fraud, unlawful conversion, and treason.</p>
<p>Louis McFadden died in Oct 3, 1936 during a visit to New York City. The official reason of death was &#8220;heart-failure sudden-death&#8221;, after a &#8220;dose&#8221; of &#8220;intestinal flu.&#8221;</p>
<p>There were previously two alleged attacks on McFadden&#8217;s life. The first came in the form of two revolver shots when he was in a cab outside one of the Capitol hotels. Both shots missed their intended target. The second was when he became violently ill after a political banquet at Washington. He was saved from a physician friend at the same banquet that procured a stomach pump and gave McFadden emergency treatment.</p>
<h2>Seizure of the American Publics&#8217; Gold</h2>
<p>Under the pretense of helping to end the Great Depression came the 1933 Gold Seizure whereby the Roosevelt Administration outlawed private ownership of gold. Under the threat of imprisonment for 10 years, a US$10,000 fine or both, everyone in America was required to turn in all gold bullion to the U.S. Treasury.</p>
<p>The rationale for the seizure was that the declining prices of the Great Depression were a direct result of overcapacity. This flawed reasoning resulted in the creation of disastrous policies such as National Industrial Recovery Act where business cartels were deliberately constructed to keep prices high and the Agricultural Adjustment Act that ordered mass destruction of livestock and crops in order to reduce supply and drive up prices. In a time when unemployment is at record highs and people are suffering from economic hardship, these policies are the complete opposite of what is required.</p>
<p>As a final component to the Roosevelt Administration&#8217;s desire to increase prices was to devalue the dollar. To do so required that the dollar be uncoupled from gold. As long as the dollar was tied to a gold standard, the amount of money in circulation could not dramatically increase as the public would convert the paper into gold when they became aware of the over-issuance of paper currency.</p>
<div class="centered"><img class="aligncenter" src="http://www.dollardaze.org/blog/posts/2007/October/19/1/100DollarGoldCertificate.jpg" alt="" width="468" height="197" /></div>
<p class="sourcecredit">Example of a US$100 gold certificate from the late 1920&#8217;s</p>
<p>On April 5, 1933, Roosevelt signed Executive Order 6102, which ordered people to turn in their gold to the government at payment of $20.67 per ounce. Individuals could hold up to $100 in gold coins, and there were some exceptions for dental use, jewelry, and artists and others who used gold in their jobs.</p>
<p>While U.S. citizens could be ordered not to hoard gold, Roosevelt knew he could not impose such a law on sovereign nations. Foreigners could still exchange there U.S. dollars for gold, but shortly after issuing Order 6102, Roosevelt devalued the dollar to US$35 per ounce thereby decreasing the value of the dollar overnight by 40.94%.</p>
<p>The result of thes